Exploring Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar: A Masterpiece of Persian Engineering

The Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar, located in the Tal Yazd neighborhood, is one of the most notable water reservoirs in Yazd. With a rich historical background, it is distinguished by its six windcatchers, making it one of the most aesthetically remarkable reservoirs in the city.

Yazd is renowned as one of Iran’s most ancient cities, often referred to as the city of reservoirs due to its unique climatic conditions. The scarcity of water in the region led to the construction of numerous Ab Anbars (water reservoirs), which played a crucial role in water storage and conservation.

History of Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar

The Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar was built 180 years ago during the Qajar era, under the initiative of Haji Mohammad Hossein. Later, an individual named Beheshtian supplied the reservoir’s 2000 cubic meter tank with water from Waqf Abad, the main source of flowing water in Yazd.

Originally, the reservoir featured only three windcatchers, but an additional three were added later to enhance its functionality. The structure underwent renovations in 1992, ensuring its preservation for future generations.

Architecture and Structure of Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar

Like many traditional water reservoirs, Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar consists of four main elements:

• Khazine (Storage Tank)
• Gonbad (Dome)
• Pashir (Water Collection Area)
• Badgir (Windcatchers)

The six windcatchers work together with these components to store, cool, and distribute water efficiently.

Entrance and Dome

The reservoir has two entrances, located on the north and south sides. Each entrance includes two staircases leading to the water collection area. Some sources suggest that:

• The southern entrance was used by Muslims.
• The northern entrance was for Zoroastrians.

However, this theory has been debated, as the reservoir is deeply integrated into the urban fabric and serves a densely populated area. The southern entrance, between the 25th and 26th steps, features a vestibule with brick paving leading into the main archway of the reservoir.

Sardab (Underground Chamber)

The main water storage area is located underground, helping maintain cool water temperatures despite Yazd’s extreme heat. The walls and floor of the Sardab are coated with Sarooj, a durable, waterproof mortar made of lime, ash, and clay, known for its resistance to moisture and heat.

Gonbad (Dome)

A distinctive feature of most Ab Anbars, including Shesh Badgir, is its large dome. The dome serves both:

• Aesthetic purposes by adding to the architectural beauty.
• Practical functions by shielding the water from dust and debris and regulating internal temperatures.

Badgirs (Windcatchers)

The six windcatchers (Badgirs) are the most remarkable feature of the Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar. These tall, chimney-like structures harness wind from multiple directions and use a passive cooling system to maintain a low water temperature.

Each Badgir functions by:

• Capturing cool air from the outside.
• Directing it downward into the reservoir.
• Allowing hot air to escape, creating continuous airflow and natural ventilation.

This ingenious cooling system ensured clean and fresh drinking water for Yazd’s residents, even in the harsh desert climate.

Cultural and Social Significance of Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar

Beyond their practical use, Ab Anbars were historically important social and cultural landmarks in Yazd. Wealthy patrons often funded the construction of reservoirs as acts of public service and philanthropy, reinforcing community bonds.

In addition to providing essential water storage, these reservoirs served as meeting points where locals gathered to collect water and engage in social interactions. Their construction reflects a deep respect for nature and an emphasis on resource conservation.

In an environment where water is a scarce resource, the meticulous design and maintenance of Ab Anbars demonstrate sustainable water management practices that remain relevant today.

Final Thoughts

The Shesh Badgir Ab Anbar is more than just an ancient water reservoir; it stands as a symbol of human ingenuity, cultural heritage, and environmental wisdom. Its six windcatchers are a silent tribute to an era when architecture and nature worked harmoniously.

By preserving historical structures like Shesh Badgir, we safeguard centuries-old knowledge of sustainable living. These structures remind us that true innovation is often found in the wisdom of the past, where every drop of water was treasured, and every breeze was harnessed for survival.

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